A True Halloween Mystery Case: Tammy

Once a week, her mother told me.  Over the summer it had been less predictable.  Sometimes 2 or 3 times a week, then.  Now that she's in school, it's once a week.  Nearly always on Monday.

It usually starts to be visible in the morning.  In fact, when I ask 7-year-old Tammy, she's very clear on this, and disagrees with her mother.  She says that sometimes she knows it's coming on when she's in her bath the night before.  She starts getting itchy.  Mom remembered this, but said that she examined her and could find nothing.  Then the following morning Tammy is really itchy, and starts to get red around her lips.  By the end of the afternoon, her lips and face are red and swollen.  Her face is very itchy, and the painful to touch.  It looks like a swollen water balloon.  Mom says that she gave her an antihistamine and that helped a little with the itch but did nothing for the swelling.  Within a day or so, the swelling gradually diminishes, the skin on her face cracks and peels, and everything goes back to normal.

That's not the worst of it, her mother adds.  It's her privates, too.  The whole sequence is just the same:  itch, then swelling and redness and more itch and tenderness, and then it gradually goes back to normal.  It's never as bad as her face, she added.

The first time, Tammy was taken to the Emergency Room.  They gave her some steroid medicine and an antihistamine.  This seemed to help the itch, and the problem went away in a day or so.  The ER doctor told mom that it was poison oak [our West Coast relative of poison ivy].  She told me she knew that wasn't possible, but didn't say anything at the time.  A week later, it happened again, just the same way.  This time, her mother didn't take her to the ER, she just gave her some antihistamine and took her to her regular doctor.  The doctor focused on the first symptom, the redness around the lips and told the mother based on this that the child has a serious food allergy and should be tested right away.

At the allergist, Tammy was tested for sensitivity to:  milk (2 kinds), cheese (3 kinds), fish (4 kinds), shellfish (6 kinds), wheat, corn, oats, rice, rye, barley, walnuts, almonds, pistachio nuts, Brazil nuts, pecans, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, hazelnuts, cottonseed, olives, chocolate, beef, pork, chicken, soybeans, tomatoes, cucumbers, squash, pumpkin, egg white, egg yolk, peanuts, strawberry, raspberry, blueberry, blackberry, carrots, lettuce, broccoli, melons, pears, apples, peaches, 4 different molds, 4 different dust mites and their droppings, 16 different inhaled pollens from grasses/trees/weeds/flowers, and dogs and cats.  The tests were negative.

Tammy's mom found her way to me.  Our first visit took 2 hours. 

I gave Tammy a quick exam, but since she wasn't having any symptoms, I didn't expect to find anything.  I didn't.

What took the time was my insistence on hearing about the most recent episode—just a few days ago—from beginning to end.  The first thing I caught was the lips.  Mom said red around the lips when she told me the first time.  Was it around them, or were the lips red?  Around, she said.  So did the lips get swollen?  Yes, but only after the whole face was swollen.  I asked Tammy if her lips got itchy or tingly.  They didn't, and neither did her tongue or throat. 

And what was she eating the day before this would happen?  All the usual stuff:  sometimes macaroni and cheese, sometimes a hot dog, sometimes a chicken nugget or salad or peanut butter sandwich.  The same stuff she ate on every day that it didn't happen.  Did she go anyplace different before it happened?  No, the same old places as always.  Home, play park, grandma's.  Does grandma have pets?  A dog, who plays with Tammy when they're in the vegetable garden helping grandma.

In fact, that's how mom knew that it couldn't be poison oak.  Grandma was a meticulous gardener, and started growing vegetables with Tammy so that they'd have a project together.  They grew the vegetables that Tammy picked out:  pumpkins, of course, both orange and green speckled ones and white ones, along with squash and cucumbers.  They have just harvested the last crop, and in the upcoming weeks, Tammy explained, she would help her grandmother chop up the vines and leaves for compost to help the soil and prepare for the winter.  Her grandma had bought her pink gardening gloves that matched her own.

I asked both Tammy and her mother about every possible body part.  Did her eyes itch?  How about her palms or feet or scalp?  And other symptoms:  coughing, wheezing, sneezing, runny nose, itchy nose, rash of any kind?

The ER doc was on the right track but didn't have the time to listen to the whole story from beginning to end.

The reaction that most people get to poison oak or poison ivy is intense itching, sometime with blisters.  It's from a plant resin that sinks into the skin and causes a big reaction from the immune system.  It often does take at least several hours, sometimes more than a day,  for a reaction to be noticed.  But the resin binds to the skin and the immune reaction takes weeks to resolve.  Besides, the mother knew that the grandmother's garden had no weeds.  Tammy didn't venture into unknown bushes.

There are many different kinds of allergies.  Some cause a sudden flood of signals into the bloodstream, setting off an unfortunate sequence of events which can include swelling of the airway, which can be lethal.  Others are slower or more superficial, with itchiness or redness the only symptoms.  Food allergies can be particularly worrisome because once you've eaten something, you're stuck with it until it breaks down into pieces of proteins too small to be recognized.  With the slower variety of food allergies, you might first feel a tingling or itchiness in you mouth, lips, or tongue.  It is a general principle that the parts most affected are usually the parts that got the most exposure to whatever it is that you're allergic to.  The pink moist skin of our lips, mouth, tongue, and a few other spots is particularly sensitive.  These tissues are often the first to sense and react to a problem.

But not in Tammy.  Her lips were not affected, it was the regular skin around them.  Then gradually, the rest of her face.  The fact that her body as a whole was unaffected is further reassurance that this signal, whatever it was, was not coming from the inside.  A reaction to a food would send its messages everywhere.  And what about the privates?

Some patterns ring familiar after years and years of experience.  If the ankles and hands and other areas of exposed skin are affected, it's likely something that brushed up against the person.  If it's the face and...then it's the places the person touches, and the offending agent was carried on the person's hands.  We all touch our faces unconsciously; we all must answer nature's occasional call. 

So I agreed with the ER doctor that this was a contact dermatitis.  But it wasn't poison oak.  I made the mother tediously recount the most recent episode from beginning to end.  When was the previous episode, and when the one before that?  Mom, as she tried to recollect, realized before I did that these episodes occurred the day after Tammy was with grandma.  We knew, however, that Tammy wasn't allergic to the dog or to any of the vegetables in grandma's garden.  We were almost there:  it was contact dermatitis, bad enough to make Tammy's skin swell but not getting into her system; she was contacting it at grandma's house but not at her own house or school or park.  What was different about grandma's house?

The garden. 

Mom pointed out that she had been tested for allergy to all of the garden plants. 

But this reaction wasn't from eating any of the vegetables.  There are many allergists and laboratories that can test for food allergies.  But how about the stems?  I checked the 3 different big commercial testing labs, but none of them offered such a test.

The family of plants that includes cucumbers, melons, gourds, and pumpkins are fun to grow because they grow so fast.  To support this rapid growth, they have thick stems with lots of sap.  This milky sap can cause severe skin irritation.  Most of these plants have bristly hairs which themselves—even without the sap—can cause a skin reaction.  A key clue in Tammy's story was the gardening gloves that prevented any symptoms on her hands.

When you take your kids to the pumpkin patch, feel free to pick a pumpkin from the ones that are waiting on the rack or in the bin.  But beware of the pumpkin patch itself.

Improving the Picky Eater Experience

Love your picky eater.

The perceptive parent knows by now that I will urge them to leave their assumptions at the door. Embracing the inner grandparent (‘well she has to eat something’) isn’t the right approach.

As the child’s need to experiment with control develops, it won’t take long for her to see how important her eating is for her parents. The perceptive child understands that the more emphasis you put on something, the more valuable it is for her to control.

Keep in mind that nobody can be forced to eat. There’s just no way without a hospital-type intervention. Once the child realizes this, the parent has lost all negotiation leverage. (Hey, the point of this series of posts about eating is that you never really had any leverage to begin with.) Think hard before begging or bribing your child, since this will often spiral into increasing demands for sweets or other things you might not want your child to have. Everybody is entitled to skip a meal now and then.

Try very very hard to have a family meal every day. Research has shown that in families who sit down together for dinner, there are fewer eating disorders, less obesity, even less delinquency. For just about everything, parents are the most important models of behavior for their children. Studies show that when the parents eat a varied diet, the kids are more likely to eat a varied diet. When the parents eat healthy, so do the children.

For the picky eater, that one string bean put on their plate can act like a fuse to an explosion. It’s a challenge to the way they have envisioned their mealtime. The perceptive parent will try to see this the way their child sees it, and not provoke him with a string bean. But if everybody’s eating together, and mom and dad are gushing with delight over their string beans, it might be natural for the 1 to 2 year old child to want to try some. Maybe you can tell them that it’s grown-up food and not for them! Mmm, good. This uses the child’s need for independence and control to promote interest in trying a string bean. If they do, make a big deal about how grown up he is and how proud of him you are.

Defusing the mealtime battleground is absolutely essential. When children are fighting for control, they are unlikely to relax and try something new. I always ask the parents, is it worth it? If the child takes one bite of broccoli, gags and cries, what did they learn? Certainly they didn’t get all the good nutrients from broccoli with that one little bite. What did they learn about food, about power, about their parents?

It’s interesting to ask parents about their own adult eating issues. Many of us still don’t like the stuff we refused as kids. We certainly didn’t learn to like it because our parents somehow forced us to eat it. Many of us vividly recall battles with our parents that we had while still in a high chair. Did those battles teach us to eat right?

Siblings and peer friends are also really valuable. When older picky eaters are asked, they will often say that they wanted to learn to eat certain foods because all their friends would eat it and they wanted to fit in.

It’s possible that the child’s pickiness is related to issues of anxiety and need for order. For these children, they will avoid certain social situations such as parties where they know a food they can’t stand will be eaten by everyone else. They may suddenly complain of a stomach ache or say they don’t want to go. It can be hard to distinguish social anxiety from food anxiety. Either way, however, the child is unusually sensitive, and the most important action for the parents is to be as supportive as possible of the child when they feel so vulnerable. Coaxing her into a traumatic situation won’t make her feel closer to you.

We might not be able to transcend the issues of genetic taste preferences and sensory intensity. We can, however, get through the control issues.

Giving them the sense of control that is one of their central drives in life at age 2 is a very powerful technique. Perceptive parents will use this to advantage. Start with asking for their advice. What shall we have in our salad tonight? Carrots or tomatoes? If the answer comes back ice cream, what will usually help is a gentle reminder that mommy and daddy will eat the salad too and ice cream in the salad is silly. Then take the child shopping. Remind them of their menu choices--not just for them but for the whole family. They get to pick out the tomatoes or the carrots. When you get home, they get to prepare the food they chose (maybe with some help and supervision). At dinner time, everybody gets to hear about how they chose the best tomatoes and how they washed them and maybe helped to cut them up and how really delicious the tomatoes are. This positive feedback cycle might work for broccoli, too, and for many foods that need washing or cooking or preparation. Children are more likely to try things they are invested in and already feel good about than things they feel threatened by. Doesn’t that make sense?

Giving the child a sense of ownership of their choices is a technique that perceptive parents will use in many different situations.